GLS

• By using LPG reference standards with different concentrations that cover the analytical range.
• By using a single LPG reference standard and multiple loop injection.
• By using a liquid autosampler (ARCHIE or XLS) and liquid solvent reference standards.

Determination of Sulfur and Speciated Halogens (F, Cl, Br, I) in Gaseous Hydrocarbons and LPG

The GLS is used to determine Sulfur and Chloride in process feeds, finished products, and for purposes of regulatory control:

• Sulfur-bearing materials in process feeds may lead to poisoning of process catalysts in the refinery. Volatile sulfur compounds like thiols (mercaptans) and hydrogen sulfide are being removed through desulfurization to protect catalysts in the refining process. The sulfur content of LPG as finished product contributes to Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) emissions and corrosion in engine and exhaust systems. Due to increasingly stringent legislation, car fuels have to be desulfurized to levels below 10 ppm, minimizing adverse effects on the environment.

• Chloride content contained in LPG can lead to corrosion, which has a significant impact on the required maintenance and uptime of the refinery. Organic chlorides will form hydrochloric acid in the refining process, which is the main cause of corrosion in pipelines, vessels, and valves. Halogen content in process streams can even foul expensive catalysts. Besides the corrosive effects, halogens deteriorate the quality of the final petroleum products. The amount of halogens in LPG must be monitored closely, to minimize cost and maximize profit.